In this study, a new methodology is proposed for semi-nondestructive determination of anisotropic stress-strain curves for steel by using asymmetric indenters with different vertical angles. The functional relation between the indentation load-depth curve and the representative stress for steel was derived from the π theorem, and then the relation was expressed as a function of the work-hardening coefficient and constant depending on the geometry of the indenter. With the proper selection of representative strain level varies according to the geometry of indenter, this relation is directly dependent on the geometry of indenter. On the basis of π theorem and FE solutions, the relation between the representative strain level and the geometry of the indenter was quantified. Subsequently, specific function formulae indicating the relation between the indentation load-depth curve and the representative stress for anisotropic steel were constructed with a focus on the effect of the degree of anisotropy and the vertical angle of indenter. By using these formulae, the representative stresses for anisotropic steel can be quantified at different representative strain levels and thus the anisotropic stress-strain curve can also be obtained. The usefulness of developed procedure was evaluated through numerical simulation.